Steam generator



Sept. 13, 1932.

K. BALI MAN N STEAM GENERATOR Filed Jfme 4. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l .IHVENTOR Karl Baumann' ATTORNE! Sept. 13, 1932.

K BAUMANN STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 K ATTORNEY Sept. 13, 1932. K. BAUMANN 1,877,640

STEAM GENERATOR;

Filed Jun 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet s lAl/l/l/I/AV/ nmm'on Karl Baumann ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 13, 1932 UNITED stars KARL BAUMANN, or UnMs'roN, ENGLAN STEAM GENERATOR 'Application filed J'une 4, 1931, Serial No. 542,121, .and' in Great Britai11..l'une"16, 1930.

473,695, filed'lthiAugust, 1930 and is operated in asimilar manner withthe exception, however, that one or more of the surface evaporator-s-which serve for indirect steam generation isorare replaced by an'evaporator or evaporatorsof the type in which the superheated steam is brought into direct contact with thewater to be evaporated, the

superheatedsteam losing part or the whole of its superheat and thus generating an ad ditional quantity of steam. The steam leaving the direct contact evaporator is led into the neXt-superhea-ting stage which may be either one of the intermediate stages or the final stage as described in detail in the above patent-specifications. The steam outlets or water inlets of the evaporator or evaporators in which indirect steam generation takes placeby direct contact are moreover not directly connected together or to any of the steam outlets or water inlets, respectively, of thesurface type evaporators or to any. of the boiler drums on the steam or water sides.

The final temperature of the steam may be controlled either by by-passing determined volumes-of steam from one or several of the direct contact evaporators, or by adjusting the water-level in one or more of the surface type evaporators, or by a combination of both these'methods. The water level in the surface type evaporatorsma'y be adjusted by controlling separate feed water supplies with which each of these evaporators'may be supplied, or by throttling the steam discharge from one or other or all of the boiler drums orthe surface type evaporators. The direct contact type evaporators are also supplied withfeed water from separate-and controllable sources. V

Several different constructional forms of the invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings. V

F igtl shows an arrangementembodying one direct contact type evaporator and one surface heating type'evaporator;

Fig. 2shows an arrangement including a surface heating type evaporator and a direct contact type evaporator in which means are provided .forregulating the temperature of the steam issuing from the generator.

Fig; 3 shows an arrangement resembling v somewhat a double form of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. Y

For conveniencethe tubes of the superheat: or elements and the heating elements ofthe evaporators are shown only in singlelines and throughout the drawings similar numorals denote similar parts.

- In the arrangement shown in Fig.1, 20 is a combustion chamber suitable'forburning liquid, solid, pulverulent or gaseous fuel. Thewalls of this combustion chamber are lined with water tubes 1, 1d, 1?), and 10, which discharge into a steam and water drum 2 and serve for the direct generation ';of

steam. V

A superheater chamber 21 is arranged above the rear part of the coinbustionchamber 20, the bottom of which superheater chamber'is formed by suitablyxbending'the tubes lea-lb and 1c lining the upper rear part of the combustion chamber, the partsla, of

these tubes which form the bottomof the superheater chamber being; arranged somewhat close together, orfbeing provided with i fins, or encasedin refractory or-other blocks in such a manner that they form abaflle which eifectively protects the superheater chamber 21 from direct exposure to the furnace. The parts 1?) and 10 of thesetubes are left bare to allow the passage therebetween of the furnace gases into the superheater chamber 21, from whence "they pass through an economizer-l and then through an air preheater 15, being finally withdrawn and discharged into the chimney.

The combustion chamber 20 as shown in the drawings is provided with awater tube lined bottom 19 of the known hopper type. 7 It will be clear, however, that any other type of the combustion chamber bottom may be used and that the lower part of the combustion chamber 20 may be suitably modified for stokerfiring, oil firing, gas firing or any other method of firing.

The steam from the drum 2 passes first to a junction 3 from where it passes through a superheater element 9 which is disposed at the rear of the superheater chamber 21. The steam passes through this superheater element in a counter-current direction to the general direction of flow of the flue gases disposed and then passes to discharge at 10 into the water contained in an evaporator 5 of the direct contact type. The steam generated in this evaporator 5 passesthrough a superheater element 11 in a counter-cur rent direction to the general direction of flow of the flue gases and then passes through a heating element 12 disposed in a surface type evaporator 6, passing from this heating element through a final superheaterelement 13, through which it flows in the same general direction as the direction of flow of the flue 'ases to ass out of the enerator at 22 where it may be led-to the steamntilizing apparatus.

The evaporators Sand 6 may "be either horizontally disposed as shown in the drawings, or they may be arranged vertically.

In Fig. 2 the superheater chamber is formed by suitably bending tubes 1a passing in an inclined direction across the top of the combustion chamber 20 to the form shown in 1a, 1b, 1c. The parts la'and both extend substantially half-way across the combustion chamber -and form battles to protect the superheater chamber 21 and the drum 2 re spectively from direct radiation of the fun nace. The vertical portions 1?) are left uncovered and alternate tubes are staggered to allow the passage of the flue gases therebetween. The steam from the boiler drum 2 and the evaporator 6 in the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 is led to a junction 3 from whence it passes through the superheater element 9 in a counter-current direction to the flue gases and is discharged at 10 into the water contained in the contact type evaporator 5. All the steam from this'evaporator 5 then passes through the superheater element 11 in a counter-current direction'to the flue gasses and subsequently through the heating ele ment 12 disposed in the surface type evaporator 6. On passing out of this heating element the steam passes through the heating element 13 in the same general direction as the flue gases to pass out of the generator at 22. a

generator can be controlled. Feed water is supplied to the boiler drum 2 through the economizer 14:, whereas separate feed water supplies are provided for the evaporators 5 and 6. The feed for the evaporator 5 is supplied, through a pipe 27 and the feed for the evaporator 6 is supplied through the pipe 26.

A pipe connects the inlet and the outlet of'the heating element 12 of the evaporator 6 and this pipe is provided with a valve to bypass some or all of the steam passing through theevaporator heating element and provide a further means of regulating the final steam temperature.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 3 constitutes a double form of the arrangement. The products of combustion from the combustion chamber 20 pass between the tubes 1?) on either side to the superheater chambers 21 and 21". 7

Surface type evaporators 6 and 6 and direct contact type evaporators 5 and 5 serve for the indirect generation of the steam. Steam from the boiler drum 2 and the surface type evaporators 6 and 6 is led to junctions 3 and 8 respectively from where it passes respectively through superheater elements 9 and 9 in a counter-current direction of the flow of the flue gases and is discharged at 10 and 10 respectively into the direct contact type evaporators 5 and 5. The steam from these evaporators is led through superheater elements 11 and 11 respectively in a counter-current direction tothe flue gases and then passes through surface heating elements 12 and 12 in the evaporators 6 and 6 respectively. From these elements the steam passes finally throughthe superheater elements 13 and 13' respectively in the same general direction of the flow of the flue gases and leaves the generator at the points 22 and 22 respectively. 7

From the foregoing it will be apparent tha the invention provides a plant for generating steam at high temperatures and pressures, in which a boiler of simple construction having relatively few water tubes and requiring only small drums may be employed, and it will be evident that many modifications may be i made in the construction and arrangement of the generator without departing from the scope of the invention.

1. A steam generating plant comprising in combination a water tube boiler, an evaporator of the surface heated type, a common steam pipe connected to thesteam outletof the boiler and the steam outlet of the evaporator, a superheater element supplied with steam from the common steam pipe, an evaporator of the direct contact type into which the superheated steam is injected, a second superheater element connected to the steam outlet of the direct contact type evaporator and delivering superheated steam to the heating element of the surface heated type evaporator and a final superheater connected to the outlet of said heating element and delivering steam for consumption.

2. A steam generating plant comprising in combination a plurality of Water tubessurrounding a furnace, a steam and water drum to which the water tubes are connected at their upper ends, bottom headers to which the lower ends of the water tubes are connected, recirculation tubes connecting the bottom headers to the steam and water drum, and an evaporator of the direct contact type, an

evaporator of the surface heating type of which the outlet for the steam indirectly generated therein is connected to the outlet for the directly generated steam in the boiler drum, a superheating element receiving steam from the boiler drum and the surface heating I type evaporator and discharging said steam after superheating into the water in the direct contact type evaporator, a second superheating element receiving steam from the direct contact type evaporator and delivering it to the heating element of the surface heating type evaporator, and a final superheating element receiving steam from said heating element and superheating it before delivering it for consumption.

3. A. steam generating plant comprising in combination a plurality of substantially vertically disposed water tubes surrounding a furnace, a steam and water drum to which the water tubes are connected at their upper ends, bottom headers to which the lower ends of thewater tubes are connected, recirculation tubes connecting the bottom headers to the steam and water drum, an evaporator of the direct contact type, an evaporator of the, surface heating type, of which the outlet for the steam indirectly generated therein is connected to the outlet for the directly generated steam in the boiler drum, a superheating chamber formed by the configuration of some of the water tubes and substantially shielded by parts of these tubes from the direct radiation of the furnace, but open to the passage of flue gases, a superheating element disposed'in said chamber and connected at its inlet to the steam outlet of the boiler drum, said superheating element discharging at its outlet into the water in the direct contact type evaporator, a second superheating element disposed in said superheater chamber and supplied with steam from the direct contact type evaporator, the outlet from said heating chamber and connected at its inlet to the outlet of the said heating element of the surface type evaporator.

4. A steam generating plant comprising in 7 a pipe connecting the steam outlet of the:

evaporator with said common steam pipe and including a throttle valve, a superheater element supplied with steam from the common steam pipe, an evaporator of the direct contact type into which the superheated steam is injected, a second superheater element connected to the steam outlet of the direct contact type evaporator and deliveringsuperheated steam to the heating element of the surface heated type evaporator and a final superheater connected to the outlet of said heating element and delivering steam for consumption.

5. A steam generating plant comprising in combination a Water tube boiler, an evaporator of the surface heated type, a pipe connecting the inlet of the surface heating element of the evaporator to the outlet of said element and provided with a by-passin g valve, a common steam pipe connected to the steam outlet of the boiler and to the steam outlet of the evaporator, a superheater element supplied with steam from the common steam pipe, an evaporator of the direct contact type into which the superheated steam is injected, a second superheater element connected to the steam outlet of the direct contact type evaporator and delivering superheated steam to the heating element of the v i surface heated type evaporator and a final. superheater connected to the outlet of said heating element and delivering steam for consumption. 7 j I 6. A steam generating plant comprising in combination a water tube boiler, an evaporator of the surface heating type provided with a separate feed water supply, a common 7 final superheater connected to the outlet of i said heating element and delivering steam for consumption.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this twenty-second day of May, 193 I vKARL BAUMANN. 

